Water and sanitation in emergencies

The objective of this publication is to provide a short, accessible overview of what may be considered 'good practice' in emergency water and sanitation programmes. It is aimed primarily at NGO staff who are not specialists in water and sanitation but who may, in the context of some future emergency operation, be involved in decisions about water and sanitation activities. It draws on the experience and knowledge of practitioners from different agencies, backgrounds, and geographical familiarity. Good practice is considered in relation to seven scenarios selected to represent the range of situations likely to be faced by relief agency personnel. The first four scenarios involve population displacement into: arid areas; areas of abundant surface water; hilly and mountainous areas and areas of existing settlement. Two further scenarios discuss good practice in relation to resident population affected by drought and other natural hazards. The final scenario discusses the role of NGOs in relation to emergency water and sanitation programmes in urban areas. Annexes contain technical guidelines and checklists and information on further resources and contacts.