| Abstract |
The rationale for this impact evaluation study emerged from recent evaluation
reports on individual projects that identified several key issues affecting the sector. The objective of the IES is to evaluate the impacts of ADB lending and technical assistance for water supply and sanitation projects. The IES assesses how improved water availability has affected various user groups, particularly the poor, and discusses : 1) selected projects’ physical, poverty, health and environmental, social and gender, financial and economic, and institutional and policy impacts; 2) sector policies relating to water tariffs; 3) institutional arrangements, including participation by beneficiaries, nongovernment organisations, and the private sector; and 4) lessons
learned and best practices for addressing common problems in designing, implementing, and operating and maintaining WSS projects in the future.
The projects reviewed vary considerably in the type and scale of facilities constructed. All the projects focused on water supply, with sanitation either not included or playing a secondary role. The project components also varied widely. They included 1) handpumps and small gravity piped systems for the villages in the Philippines 2) pumped pipe systems for small- and medium-sized towns in Sri Lanka and for medium towns and rural areas in Malaysia and 3) reservoirs and major pumped pipe systems for large cities in the PRC. Two non-ADB projects in India were subjected to in-depth review, comprising water supply systems expeditiously commissioned through a turnkey contract and sanitation facilities efficiently operated by the community. NGOs took the lead in both projects.
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