Inclusion of less privileged communities as sanitation benefeciaries in the demand responsive approach

ASIA REGIONAL SANITATION AND HYGIENE PRACTITIONERS WORKSHOP Dhaka – Bangladesh 31st Jan -2nd Feb 2012 Inclusion of Less Privileged Communities as Sanitation Beneficiaries in the Demand Responsive Approach Deepthi Upul Sumanasekera SRI LANKA

A: Country Profile• Land Area: 0 Sqkm• 9 Provinces, 25 districts• Population: 20.7 mln• GDP: 49.1 USD bn• Population growth rate: 1.1%• Life Expectancy: 73 Yrs• Rural Population: 70%• Gender Ratio (M/F): 49/51• Literacy Rate: 95%• Safe water coverage: 81%• Sanitation coverage: 85.7%

Historical Evidence on Sanitation Practices in Sri Lanka• , Anuradhapura4th CenturyBC, (Anuradhapura)

Sanitation Options• Off Site Sanitation – Pipe borne sewer (Colombo MC priority areas, Housing schemes, Industrial zones) – Bucket latrines (now prohibited in Sri Lanka)• On Site Sanitation – Pit Latrines / VIP – Water Sealed Latrines • Disposal to a covered underground pit • Septic tanks with soak-away – Ecological Options

National Policy for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation – 2001• The Policy focuses on sustainable facilities – Value of water – Facilities shall be people centered – Users to own and manage – In harmony with environment• Integrated approach – water supply, sanitation and hygiene education – women playing an active decision making role• Demand Responsive Approach: – Response to a clearly expressed need for a service – The demand shall be backed up by a willingness for a meaningful contribution for a chosen level of the service.

ADB Funded 3rd WS&S Project Water Supply Six urban wss 47 small towns wss 1000 village wss Coverage – 1 mln population Sanitation - 87,000 households - 200 schools & institutions - Hygiene Education Programme3-5%exclusions in Environmental pilot programmesanitation programmes

3 - 5% Exclusion !• Use of “less privileged poor” as the basis to attract Donors !• Who are less privileged? – Single headed families with small children – Families with a spouse not effectively contributing – Elder families – Families with disabled children – Families with less social recognition – Internally Displaced families – Families with indebtedness / poor economic capability

Identification of Needy Groups• Identify marginalized families • by CBOs during implementation • Identify during PRRA • Use indicators• Scrutinized by a committee• Categorization • Category A: able to provide only labour • Category B: unable to provide both cash & labour

Strategies AppliedCategory labour A cash labour B cashEligibility partial fullBeneficiary Labour: by the Labour: 100%Contribution beneficiary equivalent from Projectlabour cash Cash : through Cash: CBO inputs / selling labour + External assistance 25% from ProjectO&M cost by CBO by CBO

Conclusions• Assistance needed are always available ! Thanks as they were theis • Inclusion of these groups essential Stutii – Projects project attraction – Welfare programmes/ well-wishers • Strategy applied shall not – NGO partnerships lead to dependency – Social funds • Instead, they should be – Cross subsidy within the supported by the social community safety net • Approach shall not deteriorate their social recognition • DRA shall not be a reason for exclusion of less privileged

Inclusion of less privileged communities as sanitation benefeciaries in the demand responsive approach

by IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre on May 14, 2012

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Inclusion of less privileged communities as sanitation benefeciaries in the demand responsive approach — Presentation Transcript

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